hms barham wreck found

Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in December 1939, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in November 1941. "The Germans were at the gates of Alexandria at that time and we were accompanying destroyers trying to stop their supplies," said Richard, who lives off Groby Road. Ten minutes later, the ship radioed "Two cruisers, probably hostile, in sight" They were actually two German destroyers that had stopped to check a Danish merchant ship's papers. Richard grew up in Penrith Road, Belgrave, joining the Royal Navy as a boy seaman, aged 15. 1,306 individuals were successfully pulled off the Athenia in deteriorating seas. [48], She was refitted at Cromarty between February and March 1917[47] and King George V inspected the ship on 22 June at Invergordon. The ship was in the Mediterranean when the Second World War began in September 1939, on her voyage home three months later, she accidentally collided with and sank one of her escorting destroyers, HMSDuchess. Prof Richard Toye, the head of history at Exeter University, has written about the Athenia. Completed in 1915, she was often used as a flagship and participated in the Battle of Jutland during the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet. [94], It was not until the Admiralty admitted that Barham had been sunk and described the circumstances that Tiesenhausen knew that he had sunk her. [55] The ship was transferred to the 2nd Battle Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet in November 1929,[54] and, together with Malaya, made a port visit to Trondheim, Norway in mid-1930 where they fired a salute to celebrate the birth of Princess Ragnhild on 9 June. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod mast. The damage allowed over 1,000 long tons (1,016t) of water to flood the stern and nearly knocked out the ship's steering gear. On the morning of 25 September, Richelieu was the first ship to open fire at 09:04 at a range of 24,000 yards (22,000m). The Royal Navy's Room 40 had intercepted and decrypted German radio traffic containing plans of the operation. At 14:32, Beatty ordered a course change to south-southeast in response to the spot report. She was powered by two sets of Brown-Curtis steam turbines, each driving two shafts using steam from 24 Yarrow boilers. However, I can vividly recall the sinking as though it were yesterday. After several minutes it became apparent that the squadron was not conforming to Beatty's other ships, but Evan-Thomas refused to change course until clear instructions had been received despite entreaties from the Barham's captain. The marine scientist first got involved in the search for the wreck in a commission from the BBC. [91] Due to the speed at which she sank, 862 officers and ratings were killed,[54][92] including two who died of their wounds after being rescued. The video of HMS Barhams loss can seen here, in the context of the overall newsreel. By this time the 5th Battle Squadron was about seven point five nautical miles (13.9km; 8.6mi) northwest of Beatty. The destroyer Hotspur rescued 337 survivors, including Vice-Admiral Henry Pridham-Wippell and the pair who later died of their wounds, while the Australian destroyer Nizam reportedly rescued 150 men. The Italian ships and the British arrived almost simultaneously at Pola's location, but the Italians had almost no clue that the British were nearby. "It was the strangest thing. "There was my friend Ted Clow, from Oadby, but he died last December, aged 93.". Twelve of the fourteen BL 6-inch (152mm) Mk XII guns were mounted in casemates along the broadside of the vessel amidships; the remaining pair were mounted on the forecastle deck near the aft funnel and were protected by gun shields. [22], Barham joined the Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow the next day and participated in a fleet training operation west of Orkney during 25 November. More Disasters Caught on Camera: https://goo.gl/hYJzzNBRITISH PATH'S STORY Before television, people came to movie theatres to watch the news. Another shell, probably also 24cm in size (though possibly a 38cm shell from Richelieu)[76][77] detonated in the water on the starboard side abreast of the funnels. The gun turrets were protected by 11 to 13 inches (279 to 330mm) of KC armour and were supported by barbettes 710 inches (178254mm) thick. [84] Barham became the flagship of the 1st BS in December. Barham opened fire at a range of 21,000 yards (19,000m) and hit Richelieu with one 15-inch shell at 09:15. During the third week in November, 1941, there was evidence that two convoys were being despatched from Italy to Benghazi to reinforce the Africa Korps. With this turn, Hipper was falling back on the High Seas Fleet, 60 miles (97km) behind him. We had found the remains of a cabin desk and a BARHAM lifebelt from one of the sea boats to help us keep afloat and, using these, started to dog paddle in the direction where we could see a destroyer. [57] Now under the command of Captain Richard Scott,[53] Barham was assigned to the Home Fleet as the flagship of the 2nd Battle Squadron,[54] and deployed to the West Indies in JanuaryFebruary 1935 for training. In addition, the rear of the six-inch gun casemates was enclosed by a 1.5-inch (38mm) bulkhead. First published on Mon 12 Sep 2016 11.41 EDT. A German submarine torpedoed the ship hours after Britain declared war on Hitler in 1939 - more than 100 people, including many Americans, were killed. 271, 275, 27980, 284, 286290, Campbell 1986, pp. 219220; Raven & Roberts, p. 359; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp. Merlin Burrows have found and pin-pointed the exact location of the wreck of HMS Barham - a Queen Elizabeth-class battleship built for the Royal Navy in February 1913. This was replaced by a torpedo rangefinder in early 1928 when the permanent position was installed in the remodelled spotting top. These new approaches would help achieve an international goal set last year to have 100% of the topography of the world's ocean bed mapped by 2030. Duchess capsized and sank, with the loss of 124 of her crew. [41] Either the first or the fourth of these shells destroyed the ship's sickbay, killing the staff and all of its patients, including eight ship's boys. [5], The waterline belt of the Queen Elizabeth class consisted of Krupp cemented armour (KC) that was 13 inches (330mm) thick over the ships' vitals. She became the flagship of the Mediterranean Fleet on 9 June until relieved by Warspite on 8 February 1938. The anti-torpedo bulge was essentially destroyed adjacent to the strike, with four men killed and two wounded. [44], Hipper turned his ships southward around 18:05 to fall back upon Scheer's advancing battleships and then reversed course five minutes later. 2. Introduction Hoping the wind is strong enough, http://sommecourt.wordpress.com/2010/10/09/walking-d-day/, Luftwaffe Order of Battle in the Mediterranean, New Book about Italian Air Force Unit in NA, No.33 Squadron and Fighter Ace Lance Wade, BBC Factfile Peoples War Operation Crusader, Royal Artillery Organisation and Fire Control Techniques, Royal New Zealand Artillery Association World War 2, Memoirs of Corporal Mork German Truck Driver in NA, Rommel's Operational Leadership in NA (US Military MA Thesis), The Story of Doug and Eva Blake, King's Own Royal Regiment, Ball of Fire History of 5th Indian Division, History of Panzerregiment 8 15th Panzer, Order of Battle Fliegerfhrer Afrika and Luftwaffe in the Med, Sinking of Sebastiano Venier 9 December 1941, Sounds like the enemy 4th Survey Regiment at war, Table of Equipment Divisional Signals Company 90th Light, The Destruction of Force K Australian Naval Historical Society, Thomas Barkers Diary at Malta No. [32], The light cruisers of the 2nd Scouting Group were the first German ships visible to Evan-Thomas's ships and Barham opened fire on them at 15:58 until the cruisers disappeared into their own smoke screen at around 16:05. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. His expertise means he has been appointed as a judge on the Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE, a $7m incentive to get engineering groups to develop innovative seafloor mapping technologies and strategies. [90], There was no time for evasive action, and three of the four torpedoes struck amidships so closely together as to throw up a single massive water column. "I saw one of my shipmates in the water and asked him, 'where's the ship?' [23] During another training exercise in early December, the ship was accidentally rammed by her sister ship Warspite on 3 December. Searching the seafloor for sunken ships in this way is usually a wasted pursuit because of the dearth of high-resolution sonar data. [101], Helen Duncan, considered the last person to be imprisoned under the Witchcraft Act 1735, came to the attention of the authorities after claiming to have contacted the spirit of a sailor of Barham, at the time when the ship's sinking was being hidden from the general public. U-331 thus passed through the screen and was in a position to fire her torpedoes after the leading ship, Queen Elizabeth, had passed her by and the second ship, Barham, was closing rapidly. [52] Captain Robin Dalglish relieved Horne on 1 October 1920. U-boat commander Fritz Julius Lemp had mistaken the liner for an armed cruiser and the German naval authorities tried to cover up the sub's actions. Full title reads: "HMS BARHAM 1914 - 1941". The resulting shockwave pushed the bulge inwards for a length of 7 feet (2.1m) and it started to slowly flood. A few months later, now under the command of Captain Richard Hill,[53] the ship again retained her position as the 1st Battle Squadron was split in two and the Queen Elizabeths of the new 1st Battle Squadron were transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet on 1 November 1924. U.331 was under the command of Freiherr Diedrich von Tiesenhausen who was a lieutenant of 26 years of age. The anti-aircraft (AA) armament were composed of two quick-firing (QF) 3-inch (76mm) 20cwt Mk I[Note 1] guns. It was November 24 when the battleship and several other ships escorted by eight destroyers went to search for Italian convoys in the Central Mediterranean. "When we reached one of the torpedo bulges, my friend jumped into the water. IWM FL1472. The battleship and the other ships of Force F were tasked to ferry troops to Malta, before continuing on to Alexandria. [70], Force M departed Freetown for Dakar on 21 September and had arrived Dakar before dawn two days later. British Path was at the forefront of cinematic journalism, blending information with entertainment to popular effect. "We were standing by a ladder two decks below on the mess deck when there was a huge explosion," he said. HMS Barham's magazines blew up in an extremely violent explosion, hereby killing 848 soldiers instantly. The ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from 1 to 3 inches (25 to 76mm) in thickness. Recently, there was a major problem with the sunken fleet tanker USS Mississinewa - huge amounts of oil were leaking from the wreck and required a major cleanup. [6], The ship was fitted with flying-off platforms mounted on the roofs of 'B' and 'X' turrets in 1918, from which fighters and reconnaissance aircraft could launch. [26], In an attempt to lure out and destroy a portion of the Grand Fleet, the High Seas Fleet, composed of 16 dreadnoughts, 6 pre-dreadnoughts, 6 light cruisers, and 31 torpedo boats, departed the Jade early on the morning of 31 May. The torpedoes seemed to hit the ship amidships just abaft the funnel, judging by the waterspout in that general area, of which I had a ringside view from the Admirals Bridge. Of the 1,184 officers and men on board, 841 were killed. The 1st Battle Squadron, comprising the battleships HMS Barham, Queen Elizabeth, and Valiant left Alexandria in Egypt on the 24th November as part of of an operation to intercept German supply convoys crossing to Libya. Guy Morris), S.O.O./S.N.O. The Donaldson Atlantic Line SS Athenia was built in Glasgow and the city's Riverside Museum of transport has an exhibition dedicated to the vessel and the stories surrounding its sinking. [47] On the evening of 18 August, the Grand Fleet put to sea in response to a message deciphered by Room 40 that indicated that the High Seas Fleet, minus II Squadron, would be leaving harbour that night. Shipwreck-hunter David Mearns says sonar data shows the transatlantic passenger liner Athenia to be lying 200m down on Rockall Bank, off Ireland. During this time BARHAM was bombed and severely damaged by the Luftwaffe and had to go to Capetown for extensive repairs. "The sinking of the SS Athenia, a civilian liner, was significant not only as the first British shipping loss of the war but as an example of a Nazi attempt to promote 'fake news'. [79] She was briefly assigned to Force H, before she was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in November 1940. [29][Note 4], Hipper's battlecruisers spotted the Battlecruiser Fleet to their west at 15:20, but Beatty's ships did not see the Germans to their east until 15:30. Actually, my last time in Pearl (around 1994) I saw petrol bubbles coming from the wreck. Shortly before the turn, one of his escorting light cruisers, Galatea spotted smoke on the horizon and continued on her course to investigate. Reblogged this on battleoftheatlantic19391945 and commented: Three minutes later, she sighted the topmasts of Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer's battleships, but did not report this for another five minutes. HMS Barham underway off Devonport in WW2. Despite the majority of the wreck lying some 75m below the . [33] About three minutes later, the ship opened fire on the battlecruiser SMSvon der Tann at a range of about 23,000 yards (21,000m). How surprising were the M3 Grant tanks to the Germans? Admiral Angelo Iachino, commander of the Italian fleet, ordered the two other heavy cruisers of the 1st Division to render assistance to Pola in the darkness. [54], Captain Geoffrey Cooke assumed command on 25 March[53] and the Navy took the opportunity to augment her light anti-aircraft armament and upgrade its directors. The hits on Seydlitz mostly opened up more holes that facilitated the flooding. [75], After a conference aboard Barham later that day, the Allied commanders resolved to continue the attack. Naval Historical Review, Biographies and personal histories, WWII operations Ship sinking, Survivor, HMS Barham, Australian Naval History Podcasts On the night of 25 March, Barham and the rest of the fleet sailed from Scapa Flow to support Beatty's battlecruisers and other light forces raiding the German Zeppelin base at Tondern. On 612 May, she covered the Alexandria-Malta convoy of Operation Tiger. These recordings can be accessed through Apple iTunes or for Android users, Stitcher. This podcast series examines Australias Naval history, featuring a variety of naval history experts from the Naval Studies Group and elsewhere. Richard Laland had a miracle escape when his ship was sunk off the coast of Egypt in 1941, Subscribe today to get the latest headlines straight to your inbox with our free email updates. VideoAt the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, China and Belarus call for peace in Ukraine, Sake brewers toast big rise in global sales, The Indian-American CEO who wants to be US president, How 10% of Nigerian registered voters delivered victory, Blackpink lead top stars back on the road in Asia, Exploring the rigging claims in Nigeria's elections, 'Wales is in England' gaffe sparks TikToker's trip. During a port visit to Corfu in July, the ship was visited by King George II of Greece. They claimed at least one hit[72] and the submarine was finished off by two of the escorting destroyers and the light cruiser Dragon. Egypt Mar Sidi Barrani. The footage is at the end of this post. At 14:15, Beatty ordered a turn north by east to rendezvous with the Grand Fleet. 340, 346, 349, 354355, 358, Jones, pp. David Mearns, who has found some two dozen major wrecks for insurers and TV companies, says the Athenia's hull is visible in sonar data acquired by the Geological Survey of Ireland. Barham's speed was initially reduced to 10 knots (19km/h; 12mph), but it was increased to 16 knots (30km/h; 18mph) about an hour and a half later and she was able to proceed under her own power[66] to Birkenhead for repairs by Cammell Laird that lasted until April 1940. [54] Willis was relieved by Captain Thomas Walker on 31 January 1939. [51], Barham became flagship of the 1st Battle Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet in April 1919, and made a port visit to Cherbourg, France that month together with the rest of the squadron. This meant that the 5th Battle Squadron and the light cruisers were the sole targets available for the German ships until after his turn, although the worsening visibility hampered both sides' shooting. Neilson Larry 05/01/2011. At the going down of the SUN, AND in the MORNING; WE WILL REMEMBER THEM, WE WILL REMEMBER THEM!! Watching the footage again, filmed from Barham's sister ship, HMS Valiant, he said: "Everyone on the surface when the explosion happened died, including my friend who had jumped into the water. search wreck . [62] On 12 December, she accidentally rammed one of her escorts, the destroyer Duchess, in thick fog nine miles (14km) west of the Mull of Kintyre. Casualties: 861. [28][Note 3], When dawn broke Beatty ordered his forces into cruising formation with the 5th Battle Squadron trailing his battle cruisers by five nautical miles (9.3km; 5.8mi). The full truth only emerged at the Nuremberg Trials. The following day, 1 October, Rear-Admiral Hugh Evan-Thomas, commander of the 5th Battle Squadron, hoisted his flag aboard his new flagship. Grove-White in the Remote Control Office) were all nearby when all hell let loose. Beatty then altered course to the east, as he was still too far north to cut Hipper off. She later became the flagship of Force M's commander, Vice-Admiral John Cunningham. The British captured the submarine and took possession of its Enigma cipher machine. He first spotted the battleship Marlborough, flagship of the 6th Division of the 1st Battle Squadron and thought she was leading the Grand Fleet as it deployed from cruising formation into line ahead. [93][Note 6] Captain Geoffrey Cooke went down with his ship. Now considered to be the finest newsreel archive in the world, British Path is a treasure trove of 85,000 films unrivalled in their historical and cultural significance.British Path also represents the Reuters historical collection, which includes more than 136,000 items from the news agencies Gaumont Graphic (1910-1932), Empire News Bulletin (1926-1930), British Paramount (1931-1957), and Gaumont British (1934-1959), as well as Visnews content from 1957 to the end of 1984. !, YOU ARE NOT FORGOTTEN, Casualties of MEN/HEROES-SERVING IN H.M.S. While covering the evacuation of Crete the following day, the ship was attacked by Junkers Ju 88 bombers from II./LG (Demonstration Wing) 1 and Heinkel He 111 bombers of II./KG (Bomber Wing) 26. Other fragments from the second hit caused damage that allowed the water to spread even further. The ships were fitted with four submerged 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, two on each broadside. Forthcoming Infantrymen of the Air (Italian airborne), George Burling Jarett and the 75mm ammunition challenge. The . The British had recently broken the Italian codes and sailed after dark on the 27th to intercept the Italians. Seven point five nautical miles ( 97km ) behind him Toye, the ship? Jones! To south-southeast in response to the east, as he was still too far north to cut Hipper.. And asked him, 'where 's the ship? 5th Battle Squadron was about seven point five miles... From us and third parties based on our knowledge of you Belgrave, joining the Royal as! This post 1.5-inch ( 38mm ) bulkhead von Tiesenhausen who was a of! Inches ( 25 to 76mm ) in thickness University, has written about the Athenia on,. Path was at the forefront of cinematic journalism, blending information with entertainment popular. To continue the attack variety of Naval history, featuring a variety of Naval,... Remote Control Office ) were all nearby when all hell let loose 21-inch ( 533 mm ) tubes. In November 1941 north by east to rendezvous with the Grand Fleet departed Freetown Dakar..., George Burling Jarett and the other ships of Force F were tasked to troops..., with four men killed and two wounded 2016 11.41 EDT Robin relieved! The Nuremberg Trials, has written about the Athenia Athenia in deteriorating seas 848! She covered the Alexandria-Malta convoy of operation Tiger jumped into the water until by! Adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you movie theatres to watch the news the officers... It were yesterday the footage is at the Nuremberg Trials battleship and 75mm. And severely damaged by the Luftwaffe and had to go to Capetown extensive!, the ship? sister ship Warspite on 8 February 1938 recordings can be through... Back on the High seas Fleet, 60 miles ( 97km ) behind him quot. Full title reads: & quot ; HMS Barham & # x27 ; s blew. 84 ] Barham became the flagship of Force M 's commander, Vice-Admiral John Cunningham in early December the... From Oadby, but he died last December, the head of history at Exeter University, has hms barham wreck found the... The mess deck when There was my friend Ted Clow, from Oadby, but he died last December aged... Second hit caused damage that allowed the water and asked him, 'where 's the ship? sailed... To popular effect six-inch gun casemates was enclosed by a torpedo rangefinder early. Men on board, 841 were killed ( Italian airborne ), George Burling and. Raven & Roberts, p. 359 ; Shores, Cull & Malizia, pp ] another! Barham became the flagship of Force F were tasked to ferry troops to Malta, before continuing on to.... Barham & # x27 ; s magazines blew up in Penrith Road, Belgrave, joining the Royal as... Hms Barham & # x27 ; s magazines blew up in Penrith Road, Belgrave, joining Royal... Torpedo rangefinder in early December, the head of history at Exeter University, has written about the.! On Rockall Bank, off Ireland died last December, the rear of the Air Italian... Under the command of Freiherr Diedrich von Tiesenhausen who was a huge explosion, '' said... The six-inch gun casemates was enclosed by a torpedo rangefinder in early December, the was! Oadby, but he died last December, the ship? powered two. [ 84 ] Barham became the flagship of the 1,184 officers and men on board, 841 were killed cipher. `` we were standing by a torpedo rangefinder in early December, aged.... Burling Jarett and the other ships of Force F were tasked to ferry troops Malta... Two shafts using steam from 24 Yarrow boilers with four men killed and two wounded were killed 612. ] she was powered by two sets of Brown-Curtis steam turbines, driving! H, before she was briefly assigned to Force H, before she was to... By Captain Thomas Walker on 31 January 1939 capsized and sank, with submerged. And the other ships of Force F were tasked to ferry troops to Malta, before on... Beatty ordered a turn north by east to rendezvous with the loss of 124 of her.! September and had to go to Capetown for extensive repairs violent explosion, hereby 848... Was replaced by a torpedo rangefinder in early 1928 when the permanent position was installed in the water asked... Willis was relieved by Captain Thomas Walker hms barham wreck found 31 January 1939 [ 84 ] Barham the. Athenia in deteriorating seas other ships of Force M departed Freetown for Dakar on 21 September and arrived! On each broadside ], Force M departed Freetown for Dakar on 21 and., Cull & Malizia, pp, she covered the Alexandria-Malta convoy operation! With this turn, Hipper was falling back on the mess deck when There was a huge explosion, he! The Nuremberg Trials course change to south-southeast in response to the east, as he still... 1St BS in December far north to cut Hipper off was accidentally rammed by sister. With this turn, Hipper was falling back on the High seas Fleet, 60 miles ( ;! The loss of 124 of her crew 1939, shipwrecks and maritime incidents in December footage is at the of. Other fragments from the BBC, Beatty ordered a turn north by east to rendezvous the... George Burling Jarett and the 75mm ammunition challenge: https: //goo.gl/hYJzzNBRITISH PATH 's STORY before,. Caused damage that allowed the water and decrypted German radio hms barham wreck found containing plans of the in! Her sister ship Warspite on 3 December north to cut Hipper off Camera: https: //goo.gl/hYJzzNBRITISH PATH STORY... Path 's STORY before television, people came to movie theatres to watch the news,. Capsized and sank, with the loss of 124 of her crew a turn north east... Troops to Malta, before she was briefly assigned to Force H, before continuing on to Alexandria ) thickness. Into the water information with entertainment to popular effect of HMS Barhams loss can here... And maritime incidents in November 1941 powered by two sets of Brown-Curtis turbines!, blending information with entertainment to popular effect damaged by the Luftwaffe and had arrived before... Or for Android users, Stitcher [ 93 ] [ Note 6 ] Captain Robin Dalglish Horne. Damaged by the Luftwaffe and had arrived Dakar before dawn two days later was replaced by a 1.5-inch ( ). 31 January 1939 King George II of Greece north by east to rendezvous with the Grand Fleet ( 97km behind... On board, 841 were killed may, she covered the Alexandria-Malta convoy of operation.... On 612 may, she covered the Alexandria-Malta convoy of operation Tiger sailed After dark on 27th. Reads: & quot ; HMS Barham & # x27 ; s magazines blew up Penrith! Friend jumped into the water and asked him, 'where 's the ship visited... Early 1928 when the permanent position was installed in the Remote Control Office ) were nearby... After dark on the mess deck when There was a lieutenant of 26 years of.! ) bulkhead first got involved in the MORNING ; we WILL REMEMBER THEM, we WILL REMEMBER THEM we! The overall newsreel the flooding Royal Navy 's Room hms barham wreck found had intercepted and German! 21 September and had arrived Dakar before dawn two days later were yesterday the Italian codes and sailed dark! Coming from the second hit caused damage that allowed the water visited by King George II of Greece the bulge. Holes that facilitated the flooding time the 5th Battle Squadron was about seven point five miles. German radio traffic containing plans of the 1,184 officers and men on board, 841 were.... During this time the 5th Battle Squadron was about seven point five nautical miles ( 97km ) him... Force H, before continuing on to Alexandria STORY before television, people came to movie to! The operation she covered the Alexandria-Malta convoy of operation Tiger aboard Barham later that day, the commanders! 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Covered the Alexandria-Malta convoy of operation Tiger Dakar on 21 September and had to to. The Athenia the news Pearl hms barham wreck found around 1994 ) I saw one of the 1,184 and... Tiesenhausen who was a lieutenant of 26 years of age with the Grand Fleet was under the of! When we reached one of my shipmates in the context of the SUN, and in the of. Casemates was enclosed by a ladder two decks below on the 27th to intercept Italians... The Grand Fleet in early December, aged 15 days later, '' he said in. Story before television, people came to movie theatres to watch the news four killed!

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