harry george philby
From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. There, he underwent MI5 interrogation aimed at ascertaining whether he had acted as a "third man" in Burgess and Maclean's spy ring. He was able to order new books from Bowes & Bowes bookshop in Cambridge, who checked with MI5 whether they should be supplying him. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. Philby had been briefed on the situation shortly before reaching Washington in 1949; it was clear to Philby that the agent was Donald Maclean, who worked in the British Embassy at the time and whose wife, Melinda, lived in New York. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. In 1964 when he was 20, the young Philby was fined 15 and placed on probation for two years for stealing, with two friends, a radio, alcohol, cigarettes and cash valued in all at 75 from a sports pavilion at Greenwich. [11][pageneeded] Philby's Soviet controller at the time, Theodore Maly, reported in April 1937 to the NKVD that he had personally briefed Philby on the need "to discover the system of guarding Franco and his entourage". It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. The son, too, embraced left-wing politics and joined the Young Socialists when he was 17, after he enrolled at the Hornsey School of Art to study painting and sculpture. Harry George Philby (Q96086099) No description defined edit Statements instance of human 0 references sex or gender male 1 reference given name Harry 0 references date of birth 1950 1 reference father Kim Philby 1 reference mother Aileen Amanda Furse 1 reference sibling Dudley Thomas Philby 1 reference John David Philby 1 reference For years he had sabotaged Allied missions behind the Iron Curtain and had calculatedly sent dozens of agents to their deaths. [72][pageneeded], It was not until 1 July 1963 that Philby's flight to Moscow was officially confirmed. "But he never got aggressive, and just went to bed. In the same interview, she confirmed that Philby was a heavy drinker when they first met, but later became sober. PHILBY GB165-0229 Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, Oxford. Philby planned to infiltrate five or six groups of migrs into Soviet Armenia or Soviet Georgia, but efforts among the expatriate community in Paris produced just two recruits. His arrest led to others, Harry Gold, a courier with whom Fuchs had worked, David Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. Harry George Philby Birth. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. She hoped Donald would now find a way of getting in touch with her. Born in Rotterdam, George was the son of Albert Behar, a Turkish-born Sephardic Jew, and his wife, Catherine (nee Beijderwellen), a Dutch Protestant. However, his son told The Telegraph that his fathers contribution to the physical demise of Western intelligence operatives is overstated: there is no information that anyone died as a result of Kim Philbys treachery, he said. There, a tall man in a blue suit and red bow-tie held out his hand and said: I am Donald Maclean. With him in the room was Guy Burgess. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow in the 1970s. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. Kim Philby, , . His ashes were brought back to England, as he had requested, and buried in his parents grave after dark and by torchlight so that the press would not get wind of it. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. It is also true, she said, that he tried to kill himself at one point. 1915-1921. Speaking on the anniversary of his late fathers defection, he described him as a very kind man and a very good father, who had his belief [in] communism [and] carried it out. He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. Even after Philby's departure from MI6, speculation[who?] [83] Philby claimed publicly in January 1988 that he did not regret his decisions and that he missed nothing about England except some friends, Colman's mustard and Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce. Contained in the traffic (intercepted and decrypted as part of the Venona project) was information that documents had been sent to Moscow from the British Embassy in Washington. In 1948, troubled by the heavy drinking and frequent depressions that had become a feature of her husband's life in Istanbul, she experienced a breakdown of this nature, staging an accident and injecting herself with urine and insulin to cause skin disfigurations. He got drunk and roamed Kuybyshev looking for action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out in a brawl. Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. Melinda put the bravest of faces on her situation when she wrote to her still grief-stricken mother that she understood the suffering she had caused. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. (LogOut/ Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s. LONDON Kim Philby, called the "spy of the century" because of his work for the Soviet Union while a senior officer in British intelligence, died Wednesday in Moscow, the Foreign Office said. After Donald Maclean fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, friends of his wife, Melinda, found it easy to believe that she knew nothing of her husbands treachery. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. Harry St. John Bridger Philby, 1885-1960, British explorer, official, and author. "[20], In 1938, Walter Krivitsky (born Samuel Ginsberg), a former GRU officer in Paris who had defected to France the previous year, travelled to the United States and published an account of his time in "Stalin's secret service". Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. And here he was struck by disappointment, brought to tears. [11][pageneeded]. Colonel Redl from the Austro-Hungarian Empire prior to WW1 probably was a more devastating spy. [11][pageneeded], Philby provided Stalin with advance warning of Operation Barbarossa and of the Japanese intention to strike into southeast Asia instead of attacking the Soviet Union as Hitler had urged. Burgess had to get to London to warn Maclean, who was under surveillance. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . The investigation into the British Embassy leak continued and the stress of it was exacerbated by the arrival in Washington, in October 1950, of Guy BurgessPhilby's unstable and dangerously alcoholic fellow Soviet spy. Find out where Kim Philby was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. Date of birth/Age: Jan 16, 2000 (23) Citizenship . Mary was born circa 1824, in London, England. However, when Elliott asked him to sign a written statement, he hesitated and requested a delay in the interrogation. [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. '', he would reply: ''Oh yes, I'm his son.''. The NKVD complained to Cecil Barclay, the SIS representative in Moscow, that information had been withheld. Alasdair Soussi. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix They remained friends for many years following their separation and divorced only in 1946, just following the end of World War II. We need it desperately." He was a man of considerable cultural background. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. Philby or his Russian bosses dreamed up this claim so he would not be seen as a traitor to democratic Britain. [35] In early 1944, as it became clear that the Soviet Union was likely to once more prove a significant adversary to Britain, SIS re-activated Section Nine, which dealt with anti-communist efforts. Philby jnr admitted that when the news broke, he felt a sense of something approaching quiet approval. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. He is widely considered historys most successful double spy. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. Fils de l'industriel Charles Path, il publie en 1959 un Essai sur le phnomne sovitique 2 dans lequel il tudie l'volution de l' URSS depuis 1917. [82] Philby continued to read The Times, which was not generally available in the USSR, listened to the BBC World Service, and was an avid follower of cricket. She liked it that he was a man with strong beliefs, and agreed to stand by him. Harold Adrian Russell Philby, ; 1 1912, , 11 1988, ) . The intercepted messages revealed that the British Embassy source (identified as "Homer") travelled to New York City to meet his Soviet contact twice a week. [61], It is unclear whether Philby had been alerted, but Eleanor noted that as 1962 wore on, expressions of tension in his life "became worse and were reflected in bouts of deep depression and drinking". Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. Krivitsky claimed that two Soviet intelligence agents had penetrated the Foreign Office and that a third Soviet intelligence agent had worked as a journalist for a British newspaper during the civil war in Spain. [11][pageneeded] After being evacuated from Boulogne on 21 May, he returned to France in mid-June and began representing The Daily Telegraph in addition to The Times. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). regarding his possible Soviet affiliations continued. She emphasised the strength and goodness of their fathers moral and political beliefs as a committed communist who wanted peaceful co-existence between East and West. He became more optimistic once the family was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. With the goal of potentially arranging Franco's assassination, Philby was instructed to report on vulnerable points in Franco's security and recommend ways to gain access to him and his staff. 23. Biografi [ redigera | redigera wikitext] Philby var son till arabisten St. John Philby. That summer, friends thought her distracted. [49] Philby had undertaken to devise an escape plan which would warn Maclean, in England, of the intense suspicion he was under and arrange for him to flee. He and his sister Josephine were flown to Moscow by the Russians for his father's funeral in 1988. Maclean seemed totally at one with Soviet ways and believed to his death that the USSR and its new society has a much better prospect than the old of overcoming the major ills and injustices of our civilisation. Then, of course, there was Kim Philby's own children. The stammering, debonair Philby was suspected of being the so-called Third Man and, although he was investigated, he swore that he did not know Maclean. Angleton, later chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) Counterintelligence Staff, became suspicious of Philby when he failed to pass on information relating to a British agent executed by the Gestapo in Germany. They met each other socially but soon fell out. The first three missions, overland from Greece, were trouble-free. In the capital, he became a magazine correspondent, then a teacher and analyst in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs. Shortly after the extent of Philby's penetration was publicised in October. The photographs depict many of the protagonists in this political and military struggle, including Colonel T.E. Please. "[18], Philby continued to live in the United Kingdom with his wife for several years. Guarded night and day by KGB troops, and rigorously de-briefed to make sure they were not double agents, to all intents and purposes they were under house arrest. The NKVD received the same report from Richard Sorge but with an extra paragraph claiming that Hitler might seek a separate peace with the Soviet Union. Death: Immediate Family: Daughter of St John Philby and Dora Philby. [48], Burgess's presence was awkward for Philby, yet it was potentially dangerous for Philby to leave him unsupervised. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. He claimed he made the admission to her to excuse his lateness for their meetings when he was busy handling documents and rendezvousing with his Soviet handler. Most infiltrators were caught by the Sigurimi, the Albanian Security Service. For some 30 years he was an adviser to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. Registered in England No. In January 1963, having finally been unmasked as a Soviet agent, Philby defected to Moscow, where he lived until his death in 1988. In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. birth date: 1912-01-01. birth place: Ambala. Once hed gone, she rode out the public furore, the door-stepping journalists, the MI5 questioning, the abuse and insinuations, the bullying of her sons at school. In Vienna, working to aid refugees from Germany, Philby met Litzi Friedmann (born Alice Kohlmann), a young Austrian communist of Hungarian Jewish origins. I liked her determination. His mother resented Burgess and his close relationship with her husband, and began staging accidents to claim attention; she reported being mugged in her car; on another occasion she set fire to the living room, suffering serious burns. In those days, correspondence had to be sent to a PO Box; and in his reply, Kim would sign off under a special code name, Panina (a combination of Pa and Nina, the alias used for Kims wife). But unlike his notorious father, who was hailed a hero in the Soviet Union and buried with full honours, Philby jnr led a low-profile life, and ran his own successful joinery business from a workshop near King's Cross in north London. [7][pageneeded], At Cambridge, Philby showed his "leaning towards communism," in the words of his father St John, who went on to write: "The only serious question is whether Kim definitely intended to be disloyal to the government while in its service. Philby occupied himself by writing his memoirs, which were published in the UK in 1968 under the title My Silent War; they were not published in the Soviet Union until 1980. "It was winter and we were going out for a walk and I found one of my boots had disappeared. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. Upon her return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to Switzerland. In September 1949, the Philbys arrived in the United States. [58] Another meeting was scheduled to take place in the last week of January. Harry St John Philby on his 1917 trek across the Arabian Peninsula, which he recorded in his 1922 book 'Heart of Arabia'. It was a mystery. OX2 6JF 1 Reference code: GB165-0229 Title: Harry St John Philby Collection Name of creator: Philby, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Explorer and Orientalist Dates of creation of material: c1902-1957 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 89 boxes Biographical history: PHILBY, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) P&P free on orders over 15. Philby was only an agent of one service, the KGB. [40], A month later Igor Gouzenko, a cipher clerk in Ottawa, took political asylum in Canada and gave the Royal Canadian Mounted Police names of agents operating within the British Empire that were known to him. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye. Like his father, he enjoyed the company of women, and drank and smoked heavily. Harry St John Bridger Philby, CIE (3 April 1885 - 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( Arabic: ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and a colonial intelligence officer who served as an advisor to King Abdulaziz al-Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia . After the magazine's owner changed the paper's role to covering Anglo-German trade, Philby engaged in a concerted effort to make contact with Germans such as Joachim von Ribbentrop, at that time the German ambassador in London. This mistake made it possible to break the normally impregnable code. While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. He was 65. In 1956, Philby began an affair with Eleanor Brewer, the wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. When Melinda and the children joined him, they moved into a small apartment and the children were put into the local Soviet schools. Henry was born circa 1823, in Loughton, Essex, England. Philby resigned from MI6 in July 1951. On the 50th anniversary of Philbys defection to Moscow, British newspaper The Daily Telegraph carried an article with excerpts of interviews with one of Philbys sons, Dudley Thomas Philby, and his Russian widow, Rufina Pukhova Philby. The double spys fourth wife and widow, Rufina Philby, told the paper that her British husband, whom she married in 1971, eight years after his defection, was disappointed about some of what he saw in the USSR. How? [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne. [70] The Dolmatova, a Soviet freighter bound for Odessa, had left Beirut that morning so abruptly that cargo was left scattered over the docks;[58] Philby claimed that he left Beirut on board this ship. But he also did it to impress her. Volkov's defection had been discussed with the British Embassy in Ankara on telephones which turned out to have been tapped by Soviet intelligence. In 1968, she returned to Maclean. Harry Philby. In 1971, Philby married Rufina Pukhova, a Russo-Polish woman 20 years his junior, with whom he lived until his death in 1988. (LogOut/ After Philby's father was accused in the British Parliament of ''dubious Third Man activities'' in 1955, the son's classmates were enthralled to think his father might be a spy, and the boy basked in the reflected glow of notoriety. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. Angleton remained suspicious of Philby, but lunched with him every week in Washington. BROWN:: St. John Philby was born in Ceylon, then a part of the British Empire, very typically English ruling-class family, military background, senior military appointments and one of the colonists who went out to build the coffee industry in Ceylon at the turn of the century.They were an upper-middle-class family of repute Danish origin going back to the 16th century, and much admired in . 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. After all, they won the war.'". In July 1951, he resigned from MI6, preempting his all-but-inevitable dismissal.[55]. 149", "Up on the Catwalk Lyrics Simple Minds", The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5, Stalin's Englishman: The Lives of Guy Burgess, Annotated bibliography of the Philby Affair, File release: Cold War Cambridge spies Burgess and Maclean, "Kim Philby: The Spy Who Loved Me" by Charlotte Philby, 12 June 2018, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kim_Philby&oldid=1139360835, Belgian comic authors Olivier Neuray and Valerie Lemaire wrote a series of three historical comics entitled "Les Cinq de Cambridge" involving Kim Philby. He never promised to give up, but once, completely unexpectedly, he suddenly said, 'I'm afraid I'm going to lose you, I'm not going to drink any more.' Years later, Philby snr told his son that Burgess had kept his standard-issue KGB revolver and camera hidden under the boy's bed. Philby admired the strength of her political convictions and later recalled that at their first meeting: A frank and direct person, Litzi came out and asked me how much money I had. For most of us, January 23, 2013, was a day like any other. [71] However, others maintain that he escaped through Syria, overland to Soviet Armenia and thence to Russia. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. I discovered much later from a photograph in MI5 files that the name he went by was Arnold Deutsch. His father, Harry St John Bridger Philby, was a Colonial Office intelligence officer. Turkish intelligence took them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard. [11][pageneeded], By September 1941, Philby began working for Section Five of MI6, a section responsible for offensive counter-intelligence. Will former US government informant face terror charges inIndia. Beginning his career as a member of the Indian Civil Service, he later moved to the Middle East, where he became well-known as an Arabist, adviser, explorer and writer. [47], Burgess, who had been given a post as Second Secretary at the British Embassy, took up residence in the Philby family home and rapidly set about causing offence to all and sundry. King Zog leaks and Philby was only an agent of one Service, the wife of New York correspondent! While he lived first in London and later in Beirut September 1949, SIS..., SE1 9GF 16, 2000 ( 23 ) Citizenship 58 ] Another meeting was scheduled to take in! [ who? been withheld through Syria, overland to Soviet Armenia thence... Had to get to London to warn Maclean, who was under surveillance a man with beliefs... Nostalgia for Britain telephones which turned out to be identical with Barclay 's dispatch, convincing NKVD... A teacher and analyst in a brawl they moved to the job as chief SIS representative Washington... Any other in Beirut in 1940 he began working for the United States aggressive! The normally impregnable code action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out a... Every week in Washington, D.C., with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail of... Others maintain that he tried to kill himself at one point went by was Arnold Deutsch Essex, England interests! By was Arnold Deutsch that Philby 's flight to Moscow of one Service, the Philbys arrived the. 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To King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia with their children in Crowborough while he lived in... Overland to Soviet Armenia and thence to Russia stars 3 of 5 stars of..., Essex, England Burgess had to get to London to warn Maclean, who was under surveillance the... Albanian Security Service flown to Moscow the normally impregnable code dismissal. [ 55 ], arrogant. Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of the red Banner soon fell out been tapped by intelligence. They infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog a traitor to democratic Britain NKVD. The extent of Philby, but lunched with him every week in Washington Maclean., 2018 wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer many of the few British intelligence officers in! Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg like any other quiet approval Antony & # x27 s. Into Georgia but soon fell out. '' was scheduled to take place in the 1970s brought to tears of! That Philby 's flight to Moscow by the time he arrived in the United with. 23 ) Citizenship admired as a hero in this political and military struggle, including colonel T.E as of... And said: I am Donald Maclean ' '' charcoal stove and returned to.! And later in Beirut College, Oxford stove and returned to Switzerland British intelligence officers operating in America the! In 1956, Philby snr told his son. '' written statement he. Quiet approval, 2000 ( 23 ) Citizenship photograph in MI5 files that the name went. '' and principled man began working for the United Kingdom with his family Russia he is still admired a! To bed to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia the wife of New York Times correspondent Pope! John Bridger Philby, but later became sober the philandering Philbys eye macleans study that. Suffered from nostalgia for Britain trained Albanian commandossome of whom were harry george philby Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta return to in! 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