did etta place have a child

Etta, Butch, and Sundance decided upon the South American country of Argentina, and arranged an East Coast rendezvous from which to begin their new life. All of those traits have been used to describe Place, but also could be used to describe any number of other women from the period, so in themselves they only show similarities rather than actual proof. Etta Place, shown here in a photo taken in either Mexico or Texas with a womens group called Las Soldaderas, was a friend and outlaw companion of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. Place owned 2500 acres herself becoming the first female landowner in the country which had just changed its laws to allow women to own land. According to the September 18, 1920, edition of the Seattle Post Intelligencer, Its likely no one will ever know what truly became of Cassidy and the Kid, but Etta is most certainly still alive. Calling her a master criminal, the report contends she had been seen in Paris and Monte Carlo in the fall of 1915. Eventually, the two would become involved in a romantic relationship that would span several years and two continents. The majority of the experts agree that Butch and Sundance probably met Etta at a bordello around 1900. From here, Butch left his companions to return to their ranch, traveling south by water to Rawson, then west by land to Chubut Province. In 2003, she was given the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Pinkerton records note their return: They left New York July 10, 1902, on steamer Honorious. His point had been proven many times in the six years the outlaws had been in South America. The Sundance Kids widow Etta Place joins up with Pancho Villa. A bloody stand-off ensued, ending with the injured Butch shooting the mortally wounded Sundance in a mercy killing, and then taking his own life. 18961905) Research has also detected that Robert Longabaugh possibly was told by his mother that Etta Place was in reality her half-sister, and that her real name had been Hazel Tyrone. With Etta as accomplice, they robbed a number of banks, handily avoiding capture. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Butch was shot several times, and, rather than allow himself and Sundance to be captured, he killed his dying friend then turned the gun on himself. The three would later travel to South America in a doomed attempt by the two men to "go straight." Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Lorinda Reese Jameson is the only child of Philadelphia banker G. David Jameson, and her father raised her as he would a son, to ride and to shoot. The real Etta Place, according to Pinkerton's (per author James D. Horan) claimed Cassidy and Sundance met Place at Fannie Porter's brothel in San Antonio, Texas. NE: University of Nebraska, 1998. Add synopsis. Gigi Santo Pietro Is a Tattoo Artist - Facts about Vanna March 1903 marked the beginning of the end for the trio in their comfortable exile. Chris Enss is a New York Times bestselling author who writes about women of the Old West. Some historians report that Etta was supposedly killed by an unknown assailant., When and where Etta Place lived out the remainder of her life once the key leaders of the Wild Bunch were no more will probably always be left to conjecture. In 1993, she recorded the tribute album, Mystery Lady: Songs of Billie Holiday, and began to incorporate more jazz elements and won for her a first Grammy Award for best jazz vocal performance. WebEtta Place ( b. c. 1878, d. However, the most intriguing mystery is not her past but rather where Etta Place went after Longabaugh and Parker were killed. https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/ettajames-5452.php. She then, on February 20, sailed with him and Parker (who was now posing as one James Ryan, her fictional brother), aboard the British ship Herminius for Buenos Aires in Argentina. Indeed, with the revolving door of outlaws passing through the ranks of the Wild Bunch over the years, a variety of characters may have been involved. They robbed an English bank in the town of Patagonia, then rode into Chile where they committed a number of other daring robberies. After returning to the U.S., Pinkerton agents sent a letter to the Buenos Aires police: It is our firm belief that it is only a question of time until these men commit some desperate robbery in the Argentine Republic. Palmer Lake, CO: Filter Press, 1977. According to legend, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (Harry Longabaugh) infamous Utah outlaws noted throughout the After migrating to the landlocked city, Butch, Sundance and Etta discussed another heist. In 1901 she was going by the name Ethel and Etta is Spanish for Ethel. The Pinkerton Agency had received word the pair were in the area and began tracking them. The deed is credited to the Wild Bunch, though the identities of the individual members involved have long been disputed. Because the news could not be confirmed, police doubted the bandit had indeed passed away. Author and researcher Larry Pointer, who up until the late 1970s spent more time researching and chasing leads to Etta Place than any other researcher, wrote that it, "is one of the most intriguing riddles in western history. Upon their arrival in Argentina some time in March, Pinkerton records show that Longabaugh went to the London and River Platte Bank and "opened an account with the bank on March 23, 1901, depositing $12,000 in gold notes. They then traveled west where again they sought medical treatment, this time in Denver, Colorado. Lorinda Reese Jameson is the only child of Philadelphia banker G. David Jameson, and her father raised her as he would a son, to ride and to shoot. This singer recalled her mothers advice, My mother always told me, even if a song has been done a thousand times, you can still bring something of your own to it. Theories abound regarding Etta's earlier life. Etta was reportedly killed instantly from a bullet to the chest, and the Sundance Kid was critically wounded. By the age of 5, she was known as a gospel prodigy, gaining fame by Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 1975. History Blazer, May 1995. 22 Feb. 2023 . Published in 1918 Even her real name is a mystery; Place was the maiden surname of Longabaugh's mother (Annie Place) and she is recorded in various sources as Mrs. Harry Longabaugh or Mrs. Harry A. It's known that in 1902 and 1904 Sundance and Etta made return trips to the United States evidence of which was later uncovered by the Pinkertons. Author Richard Llewellyn claimed that while in Argentina he found links that indicated Place had moved to Paraguay following the death of Longabaugh, and that she had married into wealth. It's known that in 1902 and 1904 Sundance and Etta made return trips to the United States evidence of which was later uncovered by the Pinkertons. Legendary figures like Wyatt Earp, Jesse James, Belle Starr and the Apache Kid had their exploits built up far out of proportion to the actuality. At her request therefore on May 1, 1905, Longabaugh accompanied her from Valparaiso, Chile, to San Francisco, California, USA, where she apparently remained while he once again returned to South America. WebIn Sundance Kid. The one instance where she is known to have signed her name, she recorded it as "Mrs. Ethel Place." In 1952, she met musician Johnny Otis who helped the band sign to Modern Records and changing their name to the Peaches and gave the singer her stage name reversing Jamesetta into "Etta James". Historical Atlas of the Outlaw West. A Pinkerton report indicates that a woman matching Place's description was killed in a shootout resulting from a domestic dispute with a man named Mateo Gebhart in Chubut, Argentina, in March 1922. We hunt them in the mountains and the wilderness and they are in the midst of society.. If Longabaugh and Place did visit San Francisco, they had to return to Argentina in order to meet Cassidy to plan and execute the December 1905 holdup of the Banco de la Nacion in Villa Mercedes. Early to late 1903: Female outlaw Ann Bassett marries a rancher by the name of Henry Bernard, and shortly thereafter is arrested for rustling, having no known contact with her former lover Parker. According to historians, on February 20, 1901, the husband and wife and Cassidy boarded the SS Herminius at New Yorks Pier 32 under the aliases Mr. and Mrs. Harry Place and James Ryan. This petition was signed by Place and Ryan, per Santiago. Sundance bought Etta a gold lapel watch. Patterson, Richard. With Longabaugh now dead, and Place having no real ties to any overt criminal acts, Pinkerton interests' in her location die down, and her trail goes cold. Boulder, CO: Johnson Books, 1985. Their WANTED posters describe Etta as "about 27 years old, five feet four inches in height, weighing about 110 pounds, medium complexion and wears her brown hair on the top of her head in a roll from forehead. It traveled a little-known route outside of San Vicente. Diagnosed with Alzheimers disease and with terminal leukemia, she died in California on January 20, 2012. Estimates of her birth year range from 1878 to 1882 or 1883. The manager offered resistance [and] was wounded. WebEtta Place ( b. c. 1878, d. January 1996, p. 21. Apparently, the outlaws spent the next year or so building a ranch in the Andes foothills, in southwest Argentina, as described in the following Pinkerton information: On April 2nd, 1902, [Longabaugh using the name Place] and [Cassidy using the name Ryan notified] Argentine Republic Government they had settled on 4 square leagues of Government land within the Province of Chubut, district 16th of 11 October, near Cholila and had 1300 sheep, 500 head of cattle, 35 horses, and asked for the first right to buy some [land] and were settled on land improving it. She is semi-wealthy, and many speculate that she was Etta Place. She remarried and moved to Paraguay. January 1962: A fire destroys the Waco Hotel operated and owned by Eunice Gray, located at 110 E. 15th Street in Fort Worth, and Eunice Gray dies in the fire. This unfortunate lack of facts only adds to the curiosity about one of the most mysterious figures of the American West, the woman who rode with the Wild Bunch. L.G. She received her first professional vocal training at the age of five from James Earle Hines, musical director of the St. Paul Baptist Church Echoes of Eden choir, in south central Los Angeles. April 2, 1902: Longabaugh and Place register at Mrs. Thompson's Boarding House in New York City, and visit members of his family in Atlantic City, New Jersey, then visit Coney Island. Having spent much of their lives in the United States holding up trains and robbing banks, Butch and the Sundance Kid considered absconding with mining companies payroll shipments to be a natural course of events. This was done in order to settle his estate following the November 9, 1908, shootout at San Vicente, Bolivia where he and Parker were probably killed. WebIn much the same way as she appeared, Etta Place suddenly vanished from history with only rumors and myth to explain her fate. The whole Republic has been astonished by the depravity of those four buccaneers, and all the horses and men of the Province of San Luis have, it would appear, been turned out upon their trail. Pinkerton flyers describe some of their activities: This is to advise all offices that the above named [Harry Longabaugh] was in New York City February 1, 1901, at which time he lived with a woman he called his wife, at the boarding house of Mrs. Taylor, 234 East 12th St. She has written more than thirty books on the subject and is a Will Rogers Medallion Award-winner. Gray once told Delbert Willis of the Fort Worth Press, "I've lived in Fort Worth since 1901. In early 1961, she released her signature song, At Last! At this point, some accounts insist that Place and Longabaugh departed for South America while Cassidy returned to the American West, following his cohorts south in a year or so later. Its unlikely Etta, Ethel or Place is her real name. Originally named Robert LeRoy Parker, Butch Cassidy was the celebrated leader of the Wild Bunch, a loosely knit group of outlaws and ne'er-do-wells. Born in about 1878, nothing is known of Ettas life before she met Harry Alonzo Longabaugh, better known as the Sundance Kid. However, the dates do not match up when alleging she was Ann Bassett, plus, Bassett was a former girlfriend of Parker's, and there are several documents to prove that Bassett was in fact in Wyoming during much of the time when Place was in South America. Plot summary. 18961905) There she settled with the two outlaws on a ranch which they purchased near Cholila in Chubut Province of West Central Argentina. In some respects, stories of Americas Wild West feel like a young country trying to build itself a mythology from scratch. Bolivian soldiers claim they found Sundance lying next to Etta. Buck, Daniel, and Anne Meadows. Butch Cassidy and a girlfriend, Etta Place, and in 1901 drifted to New York City and then South America, where they set up ranching in Chubut province, Argentina. James 1960 debut album, At Last! The woman later known as Ethel Place, is most likely born in Texas in 1876. Theories abound regarding Etta's earlier life. Lamb, F. Bruce. The other assailant at once went outside, and they immediately took off in flight on horses that they had already prepared. However, Willis concedes that Gray never admitted or even claimed to be Etta Place; he merely made that connection on his own, given the similarities of their age, and the period in which Gray said she went to South America coinciding with Place's time in South America. Born in about 1878, nothing is known of Ettas life before she met Harry Alonzo Longabaugh, better known as the Sundance Kid. He recorded each lead in his 1977 book, The Identity of Harry Longabaugh's Mysterious Lover. However, the claims made by Longabaugh become very clouded and confusing, with dates that don't match up, as he often cited facts that were inconsistent with earlier claims made by him, and he often changed his story. One claim is that she returned to her life as a school teacher, living the remainder of her life in Denver, Colorado, while another story claims she lived the remainder of her life teaching in Marion, Oregon. Neither claim has any evidence to support them whatsoever. The majority of the experts agree that Butch and Sundance probably met Etta at a bordello around 1900. Joined the Wild Bunch, an outlaw gang whose two most notable members were Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid; accompanied the two men to Argentina in an attempt to "go straight"; for a time, the trio lived anonymously and ran their own ranch; when their true identities were discovered, they returned to their formerly successful lives as bandits; with Etta as accomplice, they caused a sensation with their daring robberies; evidently, the three later parted paths leaving each to face an unknown fate. They traveled to Monte Carlo, took up residence on the Riviera, and generally lived an easy life for a while. In 2009, a new novel about Etta Place was released. After signing with Chicago's Chess Records her career began to soar. February 27, 2023. . NY: Simon and Schuster, 1991. Etta Place may well have been a woman named Eunice Gray, who for many years operated a bordello in Fort Worth, Texas, and afterwards ran the Waco Hotel there until her death in a fire in January 1962. Butch Cassidy and a girlfriend, Etta Place, and in 1901 drifted to New York City and then South America, where they set up ranching in Chubut province, Argentina. Atlas of South America. She was principally the companion of Longabaugh. Rage To Survive, this legendary American musical greats autobiography takes us on a troubled trip to stardom from her traumatic childhood to her harrowing battle with addiction and illness. Wenceslao Solis, a Chilean ranch hand employed by Longabaugh, claimed to have assisted in the outlaws' departure from Cholila on May 9, 1905. She recorded the hit ballad, My Dearest Darling, in 1960, to the accompaniment of string instruments, and sang background vocals on label mate Chuck Berry's, Back in the U.S.A. Redford, Robert. The three visited museums, ate fine food and attended the opera. While befriending the gang's leader, Butch Cassidy, she developed a romantic relationship with another central gang member, Harry Longabaugh, better known as the Sundance Kid. While not otherwise engaged, the outlaws spent nearly three weeks sightseeing in New York City. It shows how daring these people are, he wrote his brother in 1905. According to legend, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (Harry Longabaugh) infamous Utah outlaws noted throughout the The assistant manager related: While one of the thieves covered us, the other went outside and put the sack that contained the money on his horse. In his claims, he stated that Etta Place became involved with Longabaugh after his mother told him she was pregnant. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Went to South America for a few years . There is no further activity from her, and she disappears from all historical records. It was an attempt to catch the singer in a raw and fiery performance outside the recording studio. It's known that in 1902 and 1904 Sundance and Etta made return trips to the United States evidence of which was later uncovered by the Pinkertons. Ethel Etta Place, Western Woman of Mystery. WebEtta Place was involved with the Sundance Kid and was a member of the Butch Cassidys Wild Bunch. The Outlaw Trail. Encyclopedia.com. On August 9, she was with Longabaugh at the Hotel Europa in Buenos Aires, and on the 15th she sailed with him aboard the steamer SS Chubut to return to their ranch. 1907: Place is living in San Francisco, without Longabaugh, and there is no evidence that they have seen one another since his departure two years prior. Since they obviously occupied the land but the transaction had not been completed, it was noted that the property was "Not Sold Yet, Place and Ryan are squatters.". Frank Dimaio of the Pinkerton Detective Agency arrived in Buenos Aires and began a three-month investigation. In support of this is his alleged involvement in the July 3, 1901, holdup of a Great Northern train near Wagner, Montana. With her death, there remained no known person who could verify as to whether Place and Gray were or were not the same person. Before any policemen arrived, the four robbers had re-mounted and disappeared in a cloud of dust. Many of the details of Place's life have been lost to time. The Pinkerton Agency, which had a strong interest in Etta, described her as attractive, speaking with an educated tone. February 1901: Longabaugh and Place visit New York City, and Tiffany's Jewelers. Richard M. Abrams Some historical accounts record that she became the outside man for the gang Butch organized with her husband. When comparing the only quality photograph of Place with the best photograph of Bassett, the two women do look similar, but no identification can be made beyond any doubt, and it is doubtful that the two are the same person. Various accounts about the exchange between the bandits and police, from the July 7, 1908, edition of the Washington Post to the December 19, 1971, edition of the San Antonio Light newspapers, reported that the battle ended with the deaths of the outlaws in the spring of 1908. With the exception of Butch, Sundance and Etta, who traveled to Pennsylvania and New York together, gang members confined themselves to the West. It is possible that she met Parker and/or Longabaugh in Fort Worth or in the brothel of Madame Fannie Porter in San Antonio, which was frequented by members of the Wild Bunch gang and which resulted in several gang members meeting girlfriends that later traveled with them, to include Kid Curry's meeting of prostitute Della Moore. Place owned 2500 acres herself becoming the first female landowner in the country which had just changed its laws to allow women to own land. Harry Sundance Kid Longabaugh biographer Ed Kirby believes but she might have been the daughter of Emily Jane Place and related to Longabaughs mother Annie Place. Documents salvaged from the fire indicate she was 77 years of age. . The Pinkerton Agency had known their precise address for some months, but the rainy season prevented their assigned agent, Frank Dimaio, from traveling there and making an arrest. In a letter sent from Valparaiso, Chile, and dated June 28, 1905, Sundance wrote to his friend Gibbon that "our business went well and we received our money. Sundance bought Etta a gold lapel watch. According to the February 19, 1950, edition of the American Weekly, Butch told the Buenos Aires bank president that he and his friends were afraid of thieves. Butch reasoned that law enforcement in Bolivia was lacking, and their chances of getting away with the crime great. In a cynical jab at the powers that be, a Buenos Aires Herald editorial on December 23, 1905, touted: Those bad, bold, whisky-drinking, hard-riding, round-the-corner-shooting, Anglo-American, gaucho, Bank robbers have not been captured yet. One of their mules was recognized by a local as having been stolen, and a nearby Bolivian cavalry company was alerted. We arrived here today, and the day after tomorrow my wife and I leave for San Francisco.". Al Sharpton and she was entombed at Inglewood Park Cemetery in Los Angeles County, California. Genres. The Sundance Kids widow Etta Place joins up with Pancho Villa. He rode away in order to escape the possibility of being caught by the Pinkerton men, and the couple never saw one another again. Law enforcement was lax in the region, and the bandits again got away. Wagons without springs pulled by half-wild horses passed by, and the rattle of the wheels over rocks and gravel added to the commotion. "Place, Etta (fl. According to the February 19, 1950, edition of the, Butch Cassidys sister, Lula Parker Betensen, told reporters from the. When Mama Lu died in 1950, Dorothy took her to the Fillmore District, San Francisco where she was exposed to doo-wop and was inspired to form a girl group, called the Creolettes. His death certificate lists his father as being Harry Longabaugh, and his mother as being Annie Marie Thayne. Theories abound regarding Etta's earlier life. The assistant manager was forced to put "all of the bank's money into a white canvas sack," after which one of the bandits "took under his arm a small tin box that contained approximately 483 pounds sterling." WebAccording to reports of the day, Bassett and Davis were two of only five women ever allowed into the Robbers Roost hideout, the other three being Josie Bassett, the Sundance Kid 's girlfriend Etta Place, and Wild Bunch gang member Laura Bullion . Etta Place (born c. 1878, date of death unknown) was a companion of the American outlaws Butch Cassidy (real name Robert LeRoy Parker) and the Sundance Kid (Harry Alonzo Longabaugh), both members of the outlaw gang known as the Wild Bunch. Author and historian Richard Selcer wrote in his book. Popular locations for her place of birth include Utah, New York City, Pennsylvania, or Wisconsin. Popular locations for her place of birth include Utah, New York City, Pennsylvania, or Popular myth has Etta leaving the men, and Butch and Sundance alternately robbing and working for mining concerns throughout southern and eastern South America. March 3, 1902: Longabaugh and Place sail on the ship S.S. With their take from the robbery reported at 12,000 pesos ($137,500 today), an extensive search for the trio was begun. "Place, Etta (fl. Goldman, William (screenplay). She continued to work with Chess throughout the 1960s and early '70s. Michael Rutter, an author who has written extensively on the life of Etta Place, speculates that she might have been romantically involved with Butch before entering into a relationship with the Sundance Kid. was a companion of the American outlaws Robert LeRoy Parker, alias Butch Cassidy and Harry Alonzo Longabaugh, alias Sundance Kid. The Outlaw Trail. The album included her version of Otis Redding's Security, and I'd Rather Go Blind, regarded a blues classic. According to one of the many legends of Butch Cassidy, the Sundance Kid and Etta Place in South America, two men and one woman at the table pulled their chairs into the limited shade offered by the thin limbs of casadensis trees. 1961: Female Wild Bunch Gang member Laura Bullion dies in Tennessee, the last member of the gang, and, aside from the Bassett girls, one of the only people who could have either confirmed or denied as to whether Etta Place and Eunice Gray were one and the same. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Despite Longabaugh and Parker's fame, by the mid-20th century it was the mysterious vanishing of Place that sparked the most interest, which continues to the present day. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. That same spring, the three again were known to be staying at the Hotel Europa in Buenos Aires, with Cassidy posing as Etta Place's brother. Robert Longabaugh died in a fire in Missoula, Montana on December 18, 1972. Meadows, Anne. We heard from him from time to January 1901: Longabaugh and Place visit his family in Mont Clare, Pennsylvania. In 1906 he and Cassidy returned to outlawry, robbing banks, trains, and mining interests in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, and Peru. until things settled down." Ethel Etta Place, Western Woman of Mystery. For the next two-and-one-half years, the trio ran a successful ranching enterprise, with Etta's equestrian skills and knowledge of horses surely contributing to a doubling of their stock. Place was believed to have been born around 1878, which should have made her 84 years of age by 1962. Both Ann and her sister Josie Bassett no doubt knew Place, as the three women were often alleged to have been at the Robbers Roost hideout at the same times. In fact, even her real name is a mystery. Connect to the World Family Tree to find out. On February 1, 1901, Etta and Sundance posed together for a picture at DeYoungs Photography Studio in New York after having made a purchase at Tiffany Jewelers. She was the one who held the horses and remained on guard while they robbed and stole. The couple was spotted in Saint Louis, Missouri, at the Worlds Fair in 1904. The authorities of the adjoining provinces have volunteered to co-operate: and yet the robbers are still at large, and their valuable booty unrecovered. The Pinkerton Detective Agency gave out two official descriptions of Etta Place, both differing only in the age given, due to their being released over a four year gap. February 27, 2023. Once again Pinkerton detectives discover she is homesick, but again cannot discover the identity of her family. Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (112 min. was a companion of the American outlaws Robert LeRoy Parker, alias Butch Cassidy and Harry Alonzo Longabaugh, alias Sundance Kid. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. There were dangerous desperados associated with the gangmen like Harvey Logan, alias Kid Curry and George Flatnose Currie, whose names were synonymous in certain parts of the country with robbery, cattle stealing and gun fighting. In reality, there are really no facts whatsoever to show beyond a doubt what happened to Place following Longabaugh's death. WebEtta Place was involved with the Sundance Kid and was a member of the Butch Cassidys Wild Bunch. His cohorts in crime thought the idea had promise and were enthusiastic about the opportunity. Although she was dressed in mens clothing, there seemed to be no question from the witnesses who noticed the woman that it was Etta. With suggestive stage antics and a sassy attitude, she continued to perform and record well into the 1990s. About a minute later, I heard the one who was outside say in English something like "all set." With their identities and whereabouts thus exposed, it became impossible to lead the anonymous, law-abiding life they desired. A gun suddenly fired, and a bullet almost took off Butchs head. Summer, 1904: Place and Longabaugh sail again to New York City, to visit her family. . They moved to Cholilaand began raising livestock. In some respects, stories of Americas Wild West feel like a young country trying to build itself a mythology from scratch. Principally the companion of Longabaugh, little is known about her; both her origins and her fate remain mysterious. After each job, a series of relay horses would quickly deliver the bandits to one of their sanctuaries, most notably Hole-in-the-Wall, Brown's Park, or Robbers' Roost. Their setup of several isolated camps, stretching from Wyoming to Utah, allowed the men a safe haven which lawmen avoided. A mule train rumored to be transporting a rich payroll was going to be in the area. Gigi Santo Pietro Is a Tattoo Artist - Facts about Vanna Playwright, author, journalist, dandy-aesthete, w, The rising of physical objects, tables, pianos, etc., or of human beings into the air, contrary to the known laws of gravitation and without any visi, Place Versus Response Learning Revisited in the Brain, https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/place-etta-fl-1896-1905. There have also been claims that Place was first the lover of Parker, becoming involved with Longabaugh later, and that she met them both while working in a brothel as a prostitute.

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