advantages and disadvantages of guernsey cattle
In 2003, the government set a target to reduce CO 2 emissions by 60% by 2050.9 In 2008, at the Genetic change through selection within pure breeds is and will remain a viable option, depending on trait and species, as a breeding strategy. 9. ADC Sabwani Complex, PO Box 680 Kitale, Fleckviehhas usually a white head and tail andred (brown) coat, Purpose: Meat and milk productionAverage body size: Large (average live-weight 750 kg)Description: Body color brown andwhite or black and white, 1. The medium sized Guernsey requires less feed than WebThey are relatively resistant to diseases and free of genetic diseases Better suited to range management than the Fresian breed Disadvantages: Feed requirements high (90-110 kg Fawn and red also occur, but black is rare and is not considered a true Boran colour. Four-time author Michelle Lindsey owns and operates Homestead on the Range, an independent publisher dedicated to helping Kansans and others around flyover country achieve an abundant country lifestyle. [4]:1 Cattle were brought to the island in the Middle Ages for draught work. As for indigenous breeds, Kenya also ranks high with Ethiopia and Sudan topping the list of African countries with the highest population of indigenous cattle breeds. Most research agrees that the Jersey probably originated from the adjacent coast of France, where in Normaaling Jerseys are found. Indirect selection improves a trait by selecting sheep with a related trait. Three factors represent the main advantages of WFH: (i) work-life balance, (ii) improved work efficiency and (iii) greater work control. It traditionally had several other good qualities: it was long-lived, calved without difficulty, grazed well and being relatively small-sized was an efficient milk producer. - Are mature and can be bred early. The additive genetic merit of pure breeds and of the animals within those breeds needs to be known and utilized to the producers advantage. The medium sized Guernsey requires less feed than the larger Holstein, yet converts that feed into more Protein and Butterfat per unit of body weight. 2. The breeder can only plan according to the trait observed. The Boran shows a surprisingly straight top line for a Zebu animal. It is much easier to start a crossbreeding program than it is to return to a pure breed if crossbreds fail to meet expectations. Both quantity and quality must go together for efficient production. Guernsey reach reproductive maturity at an early age and can calve at 22 months of age. Dairy producers must be concerned about many traits beyond milk yield in a single lactation. One should be aware when crossbreeding that with early generations of crosses, there may be considerable diversity with regard to size, body condition, and other traits, depending on the breeds utilized. Performance of the first crosses will probably please most producers because 1) producers usually use their second favorite breed on their first favorite breed to produce that cross, and 2) first crosses display full hybrid vigor and tend to be uniform animals. Jerseys in Kenya are typically light brown in colour, though this can range from being almost grey to dull black. They are a sociable breed and sometimes cows will watch over another cows calf like a babysitter to allow the mother some respite. (2007). At the same time, it reduces food security issues for the entire region. Being an animals which in obliged to walk long distances, selection for perfect feet and leg conformation is necessary for registered cattle. 2020-41595-30123 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Boran produce a calf a year. 4. Read more onIntegrating animals into the farm (in what to consider when choosing to keep animals) here. The Guernsey Cattle Club was formed in 1877. Guernsey are well known for having the minimum of calving complications. They can be found very easily. "American Livestock Breeds Conservancy, Conservation Priority List, 2012", List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, "The Guernsey Cow Background and History", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guernsey_cattle&oldid=1104395065, Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy, Cattle breeds originating in the Channel Islands, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles with dead external links from October 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 August 2022, at 17:50. Horses Before long, the Guernsey was the dairy cow of choice, following Admiral Byrd to Antarctica and supplying American cities with nutritious milk. Read more onBreeding in Organic animal husbandry (in Animal health promotion and disease prevention according to IFOAM norms here. 2. It can also be crossed with any beef breed to raise beef calves. Feed requirements is relatively low (65-85 kg fresh forage/day i.e. 3. 9 Embryo Transfer in Cattle- Advantages and Disadvantages . Good breeds for marginal areas. 5. 1. Manera (Delamere Estates), Naivasha 5. This website uses cookies and third party services. Includes a brief profile of the Guernsey breed. Efficiency. She is an excellent mother, not only will she feed her calf so well that high weaning weights are attainable, but she guards against predators, and will never allow her calf to get lost in the bush. [3]:192, The Guernsey is a dairy breed, and generally is reared for that purpose only. The West Friesians and their crossbreeds are predominant in Kenya particularly in Central Kenya and Central Rift Valley. For a long time the breed was confined to government farms where the focus was conservation, characterization, improvement and utilization in smallholder systems. Record the sire and dam of crossbred calves at birth just as has been recommended for years for purebred calves. Farms where they can be found include: Recently a cheese made entirely from Guernsey milk was awarded the Silver Medal at the Royal Melbourne Show, Australia's most prestigious cheese show. 116-120 . WebProducers must consider the advantage and disadvantages of a tillage system before changing systems. Yields may range from 5-10 litres/dayAverage body size:Large (average live-weight 350-400 kg)Description:Body colour is solid brown, Advantages: Meanwhile, inbreeding increases as the breeds numbers decline. Borans are generally less affected by foot and mouth diseases than exotics and recover faster. Frequent calving in their lifetime, longevity, so need less replacements, They are known for their versatility: they provide high quality milk and high quality lean meat, Susceptible to diseases, susceptible to milk fever, Feed requirements high (90-110 kg fresh forage/day i.e. Milk production potential is moderate (20 lts/day), depending on feeding and management regime. Crossbreeding programs are long-term decisions. Description: The milk has a golden-yellow tinge due to a high content of -carotene, a provitamin for vitamin A. Guernsey Milk Products, who entered the cheese, reported that 15.36 kg of cheese was made from 100 litres of pure Guernsey milk, whereas 10 kg is all that would normally be expected from "standard" milk in Australia. I have compiled this article for education. The milk is also naturally high in A2 Beta Casein. Russell, K. (1980). The following is a brief overview of some breeding methodologies. The exact origins of the breed are difficult to determine but it is known that in the 18th century, herds of small black-and-white cattle were brought into northern Holland and Friesland from northern Jutland to replace animals that had fallen victim to disease and flooding. The Guernsey is of medium size: cows weigh 450 to 500 kg, and bulls 600 to 700 kg. Both the dewlap and umbilical folds are well developed. 1. Links A true Jersey will however always have a black nose bordered by an almost white muzzle. Travel Cows are noted for their quiet dispositions, although bulls should be handled with care. Purpose: Milk production.Average yield:22 litres/day and 6.3% butter fat.Average body size:Small - medium (350 Kg). 7. The herd instinct of the Boran makes it very easy to manage in bush country. The main disadvantages were (iv) home office constraints, (v) work uncertainties and (vi) inadequate tools. Longevity is an added profit bonus. Owners should also be aware that the Guernsey reaches puberty at a young age. Search in title Search in content. The largest herds in Kenya are kept by KARI, Naivasha and El-Karama Nanyuki. 8. Since then, the export of breeding stock from the islands has been a major agricultural enterprise. The main advantages of these cattle are milk production and beef production. We know less than we need to know about some of the breeds in Table 1 for these characteristics, but we are learning fast as first crosses of Normande, Montebeliarde, and the Scandinavian breeds appear in U.S. dairy herds. Please check this link first if you are interested in organic or specialty dairy production. 1. As this bull is bred to many females, half of the resultant offspring would now carry the undesired trait possessed by that bull. The milk yield is highly variable because of variation of management regimes. The general conclusions were that purebred Holstein cows almost always gave more milk in a single 305-day period than any cross studied; however, there was evidence of heterosis for yields, livability, growth, and reproduction. Good grazer; hardy; sociable; adaptable to variety of climates and conditions; milk high in carotene and golden yellow in color, Country of Origin: 10 A Highlight on The breed is not known to have undesirable recessives. It is also clear that the morbidity and mortality rates of East Cost Fever are lower in Boran than inBoss taurusbreeds; the Boran being naturally more resistant. By the time the first crossbred female reaches breeding age, a decision must have been made as to the breed of the sire to which she will be mated. Advantages of Wind Energy. Heifers should not be bred too early, or they may injure themselves by producing too much milk. The Guernsey is strong numerically, especially in Britain, but the breed has an uncertain future. High milk production potential (25 lts/day) withmoderate butter fat content 4.3%. 2. The Guernsey was bred on the Channel Island of Guernsey; it is first documented in the nineteenth century, and its origins are unknown. 2. Fairly hardy and adaptable to varied agro-ecological zones (AEZs), They are relatively resistant to diseases and free of genetic diseases, Better suited to range management than the Fresian breed, Need plenty of clean water (60 litres/day). Some of the Middle Eastern cattle probably arrived in Brittany and came to the Channel Islands in A.D. 960 with a group of monks. Loruk Farm PO Box 104-10400 Nanyuki Purpose:Milk production. No other dairy breed has the genetic resources to improve lowly heritable traits such as fertility, longevity, and calving ease as does the Holstein breed. This trait has developed over many generations of cattle living close to man. 9. For instance, animals sired by Holstein bulls would always be bred to Jersey bulls. Nutrition Research carried out in USA has shown that 60% of Guernseys carry the Kappa Casein 'B' gene. The performance for a particular crossbred for a trait will be a combination of the breed merit for that trait of the breeds which make up the crossbred and the heterosis for that trait which is expressed in the crossbred. Boran cattle are recognized as being generally quiet, docile and easy to handle. More relevant. WebGuernsey milk contains 12% more protein, 30% more cream, 33% more vitamin D, 25% more vitamin A and 15% more calcium than average milk. But, even with all this information at our fingertips, it can be hard to distinguish what is important and what isnt. They have protruding eyes. Only suitable for cool areas with year round quality fodder availability. Planned breeding programs yield the best results when the breeder considers the production and other trait characteristics in individual cows and how they can be passed on to offspring. 5. ADC Olngatongo PO Box 680-30200 Kitale The closing of the island herds encouraged the standardization of the islands breeds. 4. Animal Genetics and Infonet team There has been some renewed interest in dairy crossbreeding as it offers some important advantages. The Breed standard permits all colours except brindle. These abilities will They are intelligent cattle that pay close attention to their surroundings, although they do not spook easily. 4. The coat is red or fawn (wheat-coloured), and may or may not be pied red-and-white or fawn-and-white. One or two crosses were more profitable than Holsteins across their lifetimes, but only marginally so. The Boran is typically white in colour with dark points and pigmented generally black skin. The Guernsey is one of three Channel Island cattle breeds, the others being the Alderney now extinct and the Jersey. Some agro-ecological zones (AEZ's) are not suitable for pure breed high yielding milk cows, but can benefit from crossbreeding the local breeds of cattle with exotic breeds. Some of these problems are probably due to the increase of inbreeding in this breed. Selection may be direct or indirect. Herds composed of combinations of purebreds, two and three breed cross will vary in size, rates of maturity, and perhaps in important management requirements. 9. Heifers generally come into milk at about two years of age. Heifers generally come into milk at about two years of age.Potentialyield: 25 litres/day and 4.3% butter fat.Average body size: Medium (average live-weight 475 kg). Further, a backcross will lose about half the hybrid vigor of the first generation crosses. Good breeds for marginal areas, Disadvantages: and K.A. 2003. 8. Indirect selection improves a trait by selecting cows with a related trait. One explanation for this high fertility is that the cow has relatively low body weight loss over the suckling period, thereby maintaining a good condition, thus able to conceive again. Kisima Farm, PO Box 19- 20107 Njoro Their popularity rose to a peak from the 1950s to the 1970s, but by 1970 a new trend was beginningmass production of Holstein milk. Skin is generally thin, with loose folds and pliable. Calves in particular tend to be delicate. Quotes Relative scarcity, and therefore expense. Learn more about why you should consider crossbreeding and how crossbreeding works here. The head is carried well, of medium length and slightly convex. Semen inventories for three breeds or purebred bulls of three breeds are part of rotational crossbreeding programs. Table 1 shows seven of the most promising breeds for crossbreeding programs. Heterosis alone will not guarantee success in a crossbreeding program. 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