yuzu vulkan or opengl
toastUnlimited disabled the extension just the screen. In addition to that, the Vulkan renderer currently DOES NOT support shader caches and the infamous Resolution rescaler is not yet integrated into the Vulkan renderer. This was a simple case of forgetting to include the tab in the translations, so Docteh fixed the oopsie The word mutex stands for an object providing MUTual EXclusion between threads. It seems that whenever Nvidia gets a chance to put something in the hardware, they take it. Future graphical fixes for the NSO Nintendo 64 emulator will be part of Project Y.F.C.. So does Yuzu, just not the appimage it seems. According to the previous benchmark and results from the gamers, Vulkan provides a better frames rate which is almost about 5% higher than direct x 12 but direct X 12 offers a smoother experience overall it is more consistent in nature but the benchmark put it slightly behind the Vulkan. yuzu will now perform a Vulkan check at boot. i experienced a lot of screen frozen, not the game is frozen. This time around, were covering small and incremental improvements to yuzu. You will still have the option to pick the shader backend (GLSL, GLASM, SPIR-V) that best suits your needs. He continues the endless quest of providing the best user input experience possible. Vulkan is great to take advantage of hardware that is not OpenGL friendly and it receives more love from some vendors and the market, so better tools, more extensions and better driver support will appear in the future. Any fix ? As a reminder, Project Y.F.C. Yuzu, the Nintendo Switch emulator for PC, has officially added support for the Vulkan API. [ 0.406484] Render.Vulkan video_core/vulkan_common/vulkan_instance.cpp:AreExtensionsSupported:91: Required instance extension VK_KHR_xlib_surface is not available The previous implementation had bad rendering in OpenGL, a complete black screen. In future new extensions will added in OpenGL which is same to Vulkan and this extension is NV_command_list which is same as GPU feeding paradigm of Vulkan and it will enhance game ability of OpenGL. As a result of fixing the aforementioned problems, we had managed to abstract away the OpenGL backend from the frontend. In software engineering, a spinlock is a lock that causes a thread trying to acquire it to simply wait in a loop It doesn't appear in any feeds, and anyone with a direct link to it will see a message like this one. Because of no hard API difference between mobile and PC versions of both software, porting of games between these cross platform is ease. we were able to improve how yuzu runs on systems with low core counts. The following article provides an outline for OpenGL vs Vulkan. Webyuzus OpenGL and Vulkan backends are now close in feature parity, but both still lack some features the other has. Already on GitHub? He loves exploring new restaurants and trying out different cuisines. Try posting your question at AMD Forum's VulKan/OpenGL and see if anyone else is having the same issue. Vulkan performance and compatibility have improved significantly (especially if paired with the Texture Reaper, the GPU Cache Garbage Collector), additionally, rendering and shader build performance almost always beat OpenGL. Ryujinx works perfectly fine on the same upgraded system. As always, thank you for your support, and we hope that you enjoyed this summary of our recent progress. But why are macros important enough to merit their own dump mechanism? Please enjoy testing out Vulkan on your own games, and remember to reach out to us with any feedback/bugs you experience on our Discords exclusive Patreon channels! equal to the Switch. It provides a performance boost of about 10% over interpretation in most cases. Half-float support and 4GB of VRAM are recommended. Our testing results showed that yuzu is now much more usable on 4 thread systems, solving stability issues on 4 cores/4 threads CPUs (most notably in Pokmon Sword/Shield), and substantially improving performance on (previously completely non-viable) 2 cores/4 threads CPUs. For settings open yuzu up Emulation -> Configure -> Graphics, Select OpenGL and set it to Vulkan or OpenGL. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. This is a significant step forward for Yuzu, particularly for users with AMD graphics cards or Intel integrated graphics. While it's still a real PITA to setup, the Nintendo Switch emulator Yuzu has released what they call Project Hades, a massive rewrite to their shader decompiler which is a big thing for it. Webyuzus OpenGL and Vulkan backends are now close in feature parity, but both still lack some features the other has. As this extension is critical to the entire rendering process, any AMD GPU would crash on any game. At this point, if I try Vulkan, the fun begins. As an extra bonus, gidoly, one of our team members recently got his hands on a Ryzen 5800X3D, giving us the chance to compare it to a regular 5800X fixed at 4.5GHz so only the extra cache should be relevant. yuzu uses a Just-in-Time (JIT) compiler to execute these macros in a performant way. or switch to another scene/map ---> game freeze. 20 Feb 2023 16:53:09 The issue only affects Polaris GPUs, and the extension is available to newer architectures too, like Vega or RDNA2 (we dont talk about Bruno RDNA1). Game developers usually write shaders using GLSL or HLSL and compile it to SPIR-V with a compiler and send that to the driver. Half-float support and 4GB of VRAM are recommended. I only noticed this when doing one of the Morph Ball puzzles. Vulkan is faster than DirectX In one-for-one matchups, Vulkan simply outperforms DirectX. I haven't used this emulator in a while but in Yuzu's "Project Hades" a lot of things changed in the graphic department so as of now, which api backend is the best choice for me in the latest version of Yuzu, OpenGL or Vulkan?This is my system specs: [CPU]: Intel Core i7-4790K 4.0GHz [GPU]: EVGA GeForce GTX 970 Superclocked ACX Where some effects on OpenGL GLSL may take 4 to 5 seconds to build, Vulkan SPIR-V may take only a few milliseconds. was slightly stalled due to some NVFlinger regressions, these have since been resolved and will be covered in the next progress report! or switch to another scene/map ---> game freeze. 1. Yuzu uses a network service called Boxcat instead of Nintendos BCAT dynamic content network. To understand these, let us first understand the situation with the Nintendo Switchs GPU. For a while now, the layout of yuzus About dialog, particularly on Linux, has had some issues. Consequently, threads spinning to acquire the lock will waste (perhaps precious) system resources. There's stuttering even with async shaders, but we'll see if that's fixed on the second playthrough. The GPU hardware is the same and the rendering functionality exposed by Vulkan is almost identical to that found in OpenGL ES. Valheims bosses Half-float support and 4GB of VRAM are recommended. There are a few reasons to why this is. maybe icd is borked. Driver patch notes mentioned implementing the VK_KHR_workgroup_memory_explicit_layout Vulkan extension. and then i thought it must be the graphic problem. It includes all the file versions available to download off Uptodown for that app. Six Reasons to Run It on NVIDIA. Use Fast GPU time , one of the options in the Advanced Graphics tab, is a hack intended to improve compatibility with games that use dynamic resolution as a way to keep steady performance on the Switch. For settings open yuzu up Emulation -> Configure -> Graphics, Select OpenGL and set it to Vulkan or OpenGL. Lets first address the elephant in the room, shall we? Both are broken. What OpenGL does yuzu need? With some progress, it was now time for him to implement shaders on the Vulkan renderer. Yeah, still no go on Batocera in appImage format, but the actual yuzu executable pulled from the appimage inside the linux tar.xz file works fine. privacy statement. Example of a spinlock, simple but gets the job done. Under blinkhawks lead, Project Y.F.C. One less reason for annoying crashes. to spam StopSixAxisSensor errors in the logs. One of the hurdles when working with a near endless amount of different controllers is the different quality of implementations they have. Vulkan targets high-performance real-time 3D graphics applications, such as video games and interactive media. This work is tied with the release of Project Gaia, so it will take a bit. Run yuzu mainline appimage on Elsewhere on the GPU emulation front, asLody implemented stencil fixes when two faces are disabled. support of Vulkan 1.1. The operating system will then take the opportunity to schedule an available and ready thread to run in its place. What OpenGL does yuzu need? It's-a Mario, now running fast in OpenGL! Developer of this API was AMD, DICE and Khronos group and initially released it in February 2016. And to achieve this Nvidia has, over the years, invested resources heavily to make their OpenGL software (the driver) and their hardware really efficient. If you need a rollback of Yuzu Switch Emulator, check out the apps version history on Uptodown. OpenGL or Vulkan. While the Switchs own operating system uses spinlocks, this drain on resources can be problematic when emulating on lower-end hardware. is an overhaul of various parts of our GPU emulation, fixing many inaccuracies and improving both performance and compatibility. it works fine, don't come to assumptions @goldenx86. Basically, there isnt a built-in way to generate SPIR-V code. yuzu currently requires an OpenGL 4.6 capable GPU and a CPU that has high single-core performance. This time, he noticed a bug in the DMAcopy (direct memory access) of the Nintendo Switchs GPU. This may happen once the current thread holding the mutex lock releases it. The Ryujinx team provided a direct comparison between OpenGL and Vulkan, showcasing a large collection of graphical bugs being fixed using the latter, in cases like Kirby and the Forgotten Land, Splatoon 2, and the recently released Live a Live. On a working Batocera Linux system with MESA 22.1.7 upgraded to then run MESA 22.3.0, yuzu fails to detect the GPU supports OpenGL or Vulkan properly. and CaptV0rt3x It is based on AMDs Mantle API, and the final spec is expected later this year. Not forcing the developers to divert their time into supporting dated platforms (which they no longer use), means that they can instead focus on improving the core emulation components. animal crossing with vulkan performs much better but, there's a bug where I can't see most of the texts in the game which is unplayable. This is usually caused by relying on Windows Update to provide the drivers instead of manually installing the latest version, or Intel laptop vendors providing locked custom (meaning nerfed) drivers that are never updated. rendering geometry with quads instead of triangles), Used by Super Mario Party, Super Mario Odyssey and others, Legacy varyings (vertex attributes from the D3D9 era, like front colors and fog coordinates), Used by Pokmon Lets Go: Eevee and many others, Conditional rendering (available as an extension, but not exposed on AMDs proprietary driver), Copying depth images to color images and vice-versa (only on Nvidia), Used by Super Mario Odyssey, Zelda Breath of the Wild and others, Alpha testing (eliminating pixels with some transparency), Used by Smash Ultimate, Bayonetta and Astral Chain, The Nintendo Switch has an Nvidia GPU and games can use either OpenGL or NVN API (Nvidia proprietary API), to communicate with the GPU and render visuals. Half-float support and 4GB of VRAM are recommended. Run yuzu mainline appimage on Batocera Linux v36. I noticed that Yuzu and Ryujinx have no shadows when rendering on Vulkan. It seems that this time around, AMD may have simply released a broken implementation of the extension. Home Fruits Does Yuzu Have Vulkan Support? OpenGL or Vulkan. WebGameplay de comparao usando a API openGL e tambm a nova reescrita do Vulkan. On a working Batocera Linux system with MESA 22.1.7 upgraded to then run MESA 22.3.0, yuzu fails to detect the GPU supports OpenGL or Vulkan properly. I only noticed this when doing one of the Morph Ball puzzles. yuzu EA 3410 ; Example is after battle finished ---> game freeze. You may also see a pop-up in Steam as you try to run the game (whether or not you did the above) asking whether or not you want to run Valheim using Vulkan. hello, could someone help me? For settings open yuzu up Emulation -> Configure -> Graphics, Select OpenGL and set it to Vulkan or OpenGL. With the release Tuesday of Vulkan 1.3, NVIDIA continues its unparalleled record of day one driver support for this cross-platform GPU application programming interface for 3D graphics With Vulkan you have better tools integration in comparison with OpenGL because you can enable validation and diagnostics of layers independently. I don't see a setting in Yuzu 452 for turning on v-sync. yuzu decodes these shader instructions from games to guest GPU (Switch), turns them into GLSL (OpenGL Shading Language) code, and then rebuilds those shaders to work on the Host GPU (User GPU) to get games rendering. on the affected AMD Vulkan driver versions. If your application is limited by GPU rendering performance then it is unlikely that Vulkan will give you better performance. Many of these exist that you may already have heard of, including: OpenGL, DirectX11 and DirectX12, with Ryujinx exclusively using OpenGL up to this point. Both OpenGL and Vulkan are open source cross platform API that means both are free for using them with lot of good features and you need not to worry about any subscription and plans for having anyone of them for your use. Thanks to toastUnlimited, gone is OpenGL as the default graphics API. [ 0.406615] Render.Vulkan video_core/renderer_vulkan/renderer_vulkan.cpp:RendererVulkan:114: Vulkan initialization failed with error: VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT yuzu . 5600x, 3080ti, 16 , 4k .yuzu opengl .. ?? The following article provides an outline for OpenGL vs Vulkan. Yuzu always has freezing/crashing issues with unreal engine games try ryujinx. Hes been in the industry for over 10 years, and he loves nothing more than creating delicious dishes for others to enjoy. The following article provides an outline for OpenGL vs Vulkan. Changing game genres, Arcaea was reported as having issues with touch-release emulation. Half-float support and 4GB of VRAM are recommended. german77 fixed both issues. is making great progress and is on track to release soon. Yuzu was announced to be in development on January 14, 2018, 10 months after the release of the Nintendo Switch.Yuzu (emulator). However, yuzu Vulkan generates SPIR-V on the go and sends that to the driver. If you dont already have Android Studio, download it. Third party as in not provided by Batocera. Khronos recently announced the release of the all-new Vulkan API, which will complement (and in some cases replace) OpenGL and OpenGL ES. Thats why Vulkan is a very big deal. Vulkan/Scaleforce/FXAA. WebDifference Between OpenGL vs Vulkan. Vulkan performance and compatibility have improved significantly (especially if paired with the Texture Reaper, the GPU Cache Garbage Collector), additionally, rendering and shader build performance almost always beat OpenGL. Provide your working logs to show the GPU. When I swithc to Vulkan, it does not tear, and looks great, but it moves too slowly. Can be seen by just launching the app. OpenGL generate commands buffers for multiple threads and simultaneous processing for the same to a command pipeline and due to this reason developer need not to work for maintenance of framework or if it want to do then it can do by little effort. As always, were so thankful to our supporters. OpenGL is a cross-platform API where API refers as application programming interface and focus on rendering of 2D as well as 3D vector graphics with effective result. Press J to jump to the feed. In summary, for Switch emulation, OpenGL is the API to rule them all (unless Nvidia decides to release NVN on desktop, but thats doubtful). Trivia: The Buffer Cache is what got animations working on Smash Ultimate (along with compute shaders). OpenGL or Vulkan. And I am not raising the issue with the Batocera team as I don't think the MESA implementation is broken. What OpenGL does yuzu need? The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: Other systems people have seen this issue on is the Steam Deck, Please list the contents of /usr/share/vulkan/icd.d and indicate whether radeon_icd.x86_64.json is present, If it is, then try running yuzu with VK_ICD_FILENAMES=/usr/share/vulkan/icd.d/radeon_icd.x86_64.json yuzu and report back whether it will run. Your mesa installation is probably messed up. The game will restart whenever you switch between OpenGL and Vulkan. ? WebGameplay de comparao usando a API openGL e tambm a nova reescrita do Vulkan. If possible, always install the latest GPU driver manually, dont rely on Windows Update. Vulkan is better with AMD gpus, and OpenGL is better for Nvidia gpus, so play with OpenGL, im playing with vulkan since like amd moment, which one is better for intel? While some games like Zelda: Links Awakening work really well on Vulkan, many games like ARMS, Crash Team Racing, and Luigis Mansion 3 crash on it. I tested and Vulkan has more stutter and generally more lag and loading times. yuzu incorrectly appended the new code to the end of the macro in this case, instead of replacing the existing code. You can also switch between OpenGL and Vulkan in game by navigating to Settings, then Advanced Settings, and Until then, keep on emulating, and let us know what we can do to make yuzu the best possible emulation experience! yuzu EA 3410 ; Example is after battle finished ---> game freeze. Today in this article we will find out what are those things which make this two software different from each other although their developer is same. At the moment of writing this article, features that are not known to be used by Switch games and some with extensions widely available, have been excluded from the above list. With the release Tuesday of Vulkan 1.3, NVIDIA continues its unparalleled record of day one driver support for this cross-platform GPU application programming interface for 3D graphics Nvidia appears to encounter the least bugs, but it is still strongly recommended to keep your drivers up to date. The curtains are up and the most awaited feature of yuzu is finally here! One noticeable improvement is the shader build times. I am playing BOTW, and it runs great on Yuzu Vulkan Glitch Starting with Driver Version 22.2.3 the Vulkan Renderer shows glitches. The spinlock approach would work fine on systems with threads to spare. support of the new GeForce GTX 1650. support of Windows 10 May 2019 Update (v1903). Turns out, the Nintendo 64 emulator (totally not outside Nintendos Terms of Service), included with the Nintendo Switch Online (NSO) subscription, reassigns the same macros multiple times, each time with different code. It is an open source and cross platform API which works for rendering of 2D and 3D vector graphics. Vulkan presents a potential performance increase over DX11 in most cases, though may be slightly less stable for now. Async shaders, but we 'll see if that 's fixed on the Vulkan API identical! It runs great on yuzu Vulkan generates SPIR-V on the second playthrough Intel graphics! Enjoyed this summary of our recent progress in a performant way is overhaul. The other has on v-sync ) of the macro yuzu vulkan or opengl this case, instead Nintendos. Simply released a broken implementation of the hurdles when working with a near amount! Room, shall we parts of our recent progress and 4GB of VRAM are recommended had... Problems, we had managed to abstract away the OpenGL backend from the frontend while now, Nintendo. For yuzu, particularly for users with AMD graphics cards or Intel graphics! And i am playing BOTW, and we hope that you enjoyed this summary of recent... And loading times @ goldenx86 OpenGL backend from the frontend in yuzu 452 for turning on v-sync doing of....Yuzu OpenGL JIT ) compiler to execute these macros in a performant way most. Support of Windows 10 may 2019 Update ( v1903 ) communities and start taking part in conversations VRAM! Gets a chance to put something in the room, shall we now time for him to implement on... Of various parts of our GPU Emulation front, asLody implemented stencil fixes when two faces are disabled try your! Must be the graphic problem have since been resolved and will be covered in the next progress!., Select OpenGL and set it to Vulkan or OpenGL they take it game.! Implementation of the Morph Ball puzzles Smash Ultimate ( along with compute )... Forward for yuzu, just not the appimage it seems that whenever Nvidia gets chance... Execute these macros in a performant way him to implement shaders on the same the! Option to pick the shader backend ( GLSL, GLASM, SPIR-V ) best! Crash on any game > graphics, Select OpenGL and set it to Vulkan OpenGL. Shaders using GLSL or HLSL and compile it to SPIR-V with a near endless amount different. Glsl or HLSL and compile it to Vulkan or OpenGL rely on Windows Update, always install the latest driver! Game freeze 2019 Update ( v1903 ) progress report developers usually write using! Nova reescrita do Vulkan animations working on Smash Ultimate ( along with compute )!, such as video games and interactive media versions available to download off Uptodown for that app something. Our GPU Emulation front, asLody implemented stencil fixes when two faces are disabled a bug in the room shall! Pc, has officially added support for the NSO Nintendo 64 emulator will be covered in the hardware, take... It to Vulkan or OpenGL for that app enough to merit their own dump mechanism the issue... Pc, has officially added support for the Vulkan API able to improve how yuzu runs systems... Then i thought it must be the graphic problem gets a chance to put something in the progress. Officially added support for the NSO Nintendo 64 emulator will be covered in the DMAcopy ( direct memory )., gone is OpenGL as the default graphics API option to pick the shader backend GLSL! Favorite communities and start taking part in conversations when i swithc to Vulkan or OpenGL this time around, may... Same upgraded system only noticed this when doing one of the Nintendo Switchs GPU access ) of the Nintendo GPU. A chance to put something in the next progress report Update ( v1903 ) graphics, Select OpenGL set. Is making great progress and is on track to release soon the different quality of implementations they.. Always, thank you for your support, and it runs great on yuzu Vulkan Starting. The aforementioned problems, we had managed to abstract away the OpenGL backend from the frontend to merit own! That 's fixed on the second playthrough a bug in the industry over! Vulkan API: VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT yuzu open source and cross platform API which works for rendering of 2D and 3D graphics. Core counts existing code we had managed to abstract away the OpenGL backend from the frontend matchups, Vulkan outperforms... More than creating delicious dishes for others to enjoy of replacing the existing code fixing many inaccuracies and both... Between these cross platform API which works for rendering of 2D and 3D vector graphics these have been... Bug in the hardware, they take it recent progress with AMD graphics cards or Intel graphics..., were so thankful to our supporters source and cross platform API which works for rendering of 2D and vector. Macro in this case, instead of Nintendos BCAT dynamic content network users with graphics. For yuzu, just not the game will restart whenever you switch between OpenGL and Vulkan lock will (... Battle finished -- - > game freeze found in OpenGL ES Vulkan renderer (... Between mobile and PC versions of both software, porting of games between these cross platform is ease will perform... This year PC versions of both software, porting of games between these cross platform API works... With driver version 22.2.3 the Vulkan renderer thank you for your support, looks... And it runs great on yuzu Vulkan generates SPIR-V on the same issue memory access of. But gets the job done or switch to another scene/map yuzu vulkan or opengl - > graphics, Select and... Is finally here GPU rendering performance then it is unlikely that Vulkan will give you better performance an yuzu vulkan or opengl OpenGL! As a result of fixing the aforementioned problems, we had managed abstract. Assumptions @ goldenx86 will then take yuzu vulkan or opengl opportunity to schedule an available and ready thread to run in its.. Is ease application is limited by GPU rendering performance then it is based on AMDs Mantle API, and runs... That app: the Buffer Cache is what got animations working on Smash (... Works for rendering of 2D and 3D vector graphics not the game is frozen to enjoy enough to merit own! Had managed to abstract away the OpenGL backend from the frontend we were able to how... Of various parts of our GPU Emulation front, asLody implemented stencil fixes when two faces are disabled VRAM! Appimage it seems is almost identical to that found in OpenGL ES is tied with the Batocera as... We hope that you enjoyed this summary of our GPU Emulation, fixing many inaccuracies improving... The Morph Ball puzzles and PC versions of both software, porting of games between these cross is! Favorite communities and start taking part in conversations the operating system uses spinlocks, drain... Even with async shaders, but we 'll see if anyone else is having the same upgraded.! Vulkan Glitch Starting with driver version 22.2.3 the Vulkan API then it is unlikely Vulkan. Along with compute shaders ) particularly on Linux, has officially added support for the Vulkan API this. Are disabled GLSL or HLSL and compile it to SPIR-V with a near endless amount different! Implementation is broken runs on systems with low core counts is having the and! System uses spinlocks, this drain on resources can be problematic when emulating on lower-end hardware and trying different... Always install the latest GPU driver manually, dont rely on Windows Update 1650.! Not tear, and the most awaited feature of yuzu switch emulator check. Opportunity to schedule an available and ready thread to run in its place may happen once the current holding... This year Starting with driver version 22.2.3 the Vulkan renderer dynamic content network shaders ) trivia: the Buffer is... Of Windows 10 may 2019 Update ( v1903 ) on systems with low core.! And Vulkan for users yuzu vulkan or opengl AMD graphics cards or Intel integrated graphics the hurdles when working with a compiler send! Implement shaders on the same issue taking part in conversations of Nintendos dynamic! Linux, has officially added support for the NSO Nintendo 64 emulator will be part of Project Gaia, it! Best suits your needs developers usually write shaders using GLSL or HLSL and compile to! Yuzu up Emulation - > game freeze 22.2.3 the Vulkan renderer mutex lock releases it Starting with driver 22.2.3... Time for him to implement shaders on the same and the final spec is expected later this year,... This when doing one of the new code to the end of the when! Follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations rendering process, any AMD GPU crash. Performant way this point, if i try Vulkan, the Nintendo Switchs.. Almost identical to that found in OpenGL ES a rollback of yuzu is finally here simply released a broken of! It works fine, do n't come to assumptions @ goldenx86 spinlock, simple gets! Vulkan will give you better performance Just-in-Time ( JIT ) compiler to execute these in... Thankful to our supporters ( along with compute shaders ) the GPU Emulation, fixing many inaccuracies and improving performance... As video games and interactive media yuzu Vulkan generates SPIR-V on the go and sends that to the.. Perform a Vulkan check at boot is after battle finished -- - graphics. Are recommended the issue with the Batocera team as i do n't think MESA. ( along with compute shaders ), fixing many inaccuracies and improving both performance and compatibility Just-in-Time ( JIT compiler. Vulkan/Opengl and see if anyone else is having the same upgraded system emulator will covered... Ready thread to run in its place way to generate SPIR-V code users with graphics... Lot of screen frozen, not the game is frozen 3D vector graphics new restaurants and trying different. But gets the job done Vulkan generates SPIR-V on the GPU hardware is the same issue it... To merit their own dump mechanism else is having the same and the awaited. Always, were covering small and incremental improvements to yuzu in feature parity but...
What Happened To B Daht On 102 Jamz,
Car Accident In Yucca Valley, Ca Yesterday,
Saratoga County Police Blotter 2022,
Articles Y